Steel making process fundamentals

Global trends and design development

EAF energy conservation techniques

EAF operation by stages: Charging → Melting → Oxidation → Adjustment → Tapping 

Burner/Injector systems and foam slag techniques

Start-up after new oatched refractory lining

Final heats before refractory change

Handling water leaks (cold & hot lining)

Managing breakouts beside slag door, EBT, and electrodes

Start-up with solidified heel or new delta roof

Gunning practice

Bottom installation SOP

Foam slag with DRI

Slag behavior and fluctuation with DRI

Lining life management